OOPs Concepts in Java

OOPs Concepts in Java:

✅What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs)?

Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs) is a programming paradigm that focuses on objects rather than functions and procedures. It enhances code reusability, scalability, and maintainability by structuring code into objects, which represent real-world entities. Java is one of the most popular OOP-based languages.

👉Tutorial-1:-Abstraction in Java.

👉Tutorial-2:-Encapsulation in Java.

✅Key OOPs Concepts in Java with Examples:-

1. Class:

A class in Java is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines properties (attributes) and behaviors (methods).

🔹 Example:

java

class Car {
    String brand;
    int speed;
    
    void accelerate() {
        System.out.println(brand + " is accelerating.");
    }
}

Here, Car is a class with attributes brand and speed and a method accelerate().

2. Object:

An object is an instance of a class. It holds actual data and invokes methods.

🔹 Example:

java

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Car myCar = new Car();
        myCar.brand = "BMW";
        myCar.accelerate();
    }
}

myCar is an object of the Car class.

3. Inheritance:

Inheritance allows a class (child) to acquire properties and behaviors of another class (parent).

🔹 Example:

java

class Vehicle {
    int speed = 60;
}

class Car extends Vehicle {
    void showSpeed() {
        System.out.println("Speed: " + speed);
    }
}

Here, Car inherits the speed property from Vehicle.

4. Polymorphism:

Polymorphism enables a method to have multiple forms (method overloading and overriding).

🔹 Example:

java

class Shape {
    void draw() {
        System.out.println("Drawing a shape");
    }
}

class Circle extends Shape {
    void draw() {
        System.out.println("Drawing a circle");
    }
}

Here, draw() behaves differently in Shape and Circle classes.

5. Abstraction:

Abstraction hides implementation details and shows only relevant information.

🔹 Example:

java

abstract class Animal {
    abstract void makeSound();
}

class Dog extends Animal {
    void makeSound() {
        System.out.println("Barking");
    }
}

Here, Animal is an abstract class with an abstract method makeSound(), implemented in Dog.

6. Encapsulation:

Encapsulation protects data by restricting direct access using private variables and public methods.

🔹 Example:

java

class BankAccount {
    private double balance;

    public void deposit(double amount) {
        if (amount > 0) balance += amount;
    }

    public double getBalance() {
        return balance;
    }
}

Here, balance is private, ensuring data security.

7.Association, Aggregation & Composition:

• Association: Defines relationships between two independent objects (e.g., Teacher–Student). Aggregation: One object contains another, but the child can exist independently (e.g., Department–Professor).
• Composition: A stronger form of Aggregation, where the child object cannot exist without the parent (e.g., House–Room).

✅Benefits of OOP in Java:-

✔️Enhances code reusability.
✔️ Improves security using encapsulation.
✔️ Facilitates scalability.
✔️ Helps in modular programming.

✅Conclusion:-

Understanding OOPs concepts in Java is crucial for writing efficient and maintainable code. By using classes, objects, inheritance, and polymorphism, Java provides a structured approach to application development.

🔹 Related Topics:

• Java Design Patterns.
• Best Practices for OOP in Java.
• Difference Between Java and Python in OOP.

Would you like a deeper explanation of any specific topic? 🚀